Nizwa Fort and Souq

Nizwa is the heart of old Oman. Set in a palm oasis beneath the Hajar Mountains, it was once the country’s capital and a centre of learning, and its fort is the most visited historic monument in the sultanate. Nizwa Fort was built in the mid-17th century under Imam Sultan bin Saif Al Ya’rubi, and its enormous round tower, about 34 metres high and 45 metres across, was designed to withstand siege. Inside, a maze of rooms, staircases, prison cells and rooftop walkways has been restored, with displays on Omani history, weapons, crafts and daily life, and the views from the top over the date palms, the blue dome of the mosque and the mountains are superb. Next door, Nizwa Souq is famous for handicrafts, silver, pottery and khanjar daggers, as well as dates and halwa. The town is a comfortable day trip from Muscat on the main highway into the interior, and the castles of Jabreen and Bahla lie close by for those who want more.

How it works: Experience Oman lists the fort as open from Saturday to Thursday from 8am to 8pm, with tickets bought at the reception desk on site. Friday hours vary, so check before you go. Entry is inexpensive. Most visitors come on a guided day trip from Muscat, which usually includes the souq and sometimes Jabreen Castle or the mountain village of Misfat, or rent a car and drive themselves on the main highway, a journey of under two hours.

What to expect: allow two hours for the fort, climbing the tower for the views and exploring the rooms around the courtyard, and another hour for the souq. Staircases are steep and uneven, so wear good shoes. Dress modestly, as Nizwa is more conservative than Muscat.

Making the most of it: arrive early, before tour groups and the midday heat, and visit the souq while it is busy in the morning. On Friday mornings, the town traditionally holds its lively livestock market near the souq, which is worth seeing if your dates line up. Add Jabreen Castle or Bahla Fort, both nearby, if you have a car and a love of forts.